Borrowing from an approach that sometimes appears in the finance sections of the popular press, LSGL analysis is a handy and versatile way to compare, portray and classify the patterns of local government employment growth across all of Pennsylvania's 67 counties. In finance, this technique is used for comparing and assessing the market performance of individual securities or across industry sectors. For example, the performance of the 30 stocks contained within Dow are compared with one another over the past week in contrast to their performance over the past month using the Dow's respective averages as the points of reference.

Here in this Pennsylvania Regional Economic Analysis Project report, we adopt this approach to gauge and compare the local government employment growth of Pennsylvania's 67 counties over the latest available year (2022) against the backdrop of their growth over the long term period (2010-2022). In so doing we classify their growth and performance into 4 broad categories: Leading, Slipping, Gaining and Lagging.

This figure displays the 67 counties of Pennsylvania as dots on a scattergram, with the vertical axis representing the average annual local government employment growth rate over the long-term period (2010-2022), and the horizontal axis representing the local government employment growth rate for the near-term (2022).

This figure sets apart those counties whose long-term local government employment growth exceeded the statewide average of -0.86%, by portraying them in the top two quadrants demarcated at -0.86% on the vertical axis. County whose long-term average annual local government employment growth rate trailed the statewide average (-0.86%) are distributed in the bottom two quadrants. In all, 15 counties surpassed the statewide average over 2010-2022, while 41 counties fell below.

Similarly, the two quadrants on the right of this figure present the positions of the 23 counties whose most recent (2022) local government employment growth rate exceeded the statewide average (0.55%). The two quadrants on the left feature those 33 counties whose local government employment growth over 2022 trailed the statewide average.

Accordingly, each quadrant portrays the performance of all 67 counties corresponding with their long-term (2010-2022) and near-term (2022) performance relative to their respective statewide averages of -0.86% over 2010-2022 and 0.55% over 2022:

Leading counties () (top-right quadrant)...are counties whose average annual local government employment growth rate surpassed the statewide average both long-term (-0.86%) and near-term (0.55%).

Slipping counties () (top-left quadrant)...are counties whose long-term average annual local government employment growth rate exceeded the statewide average (-0.86%), but whose near-term growth has "slipped" by falling below the Pennsylvania average (0.55%).

Gaining counties () (bottom-right quadrant)...are counties whose long-term average annual local government employment growth rate fell below the statewide average (-0.86%), but whose near-term growth has "gained" by registering above the average (0.55%) statewide.

Lagging counties () (bottom-left quadrant)...are counties whose average annual local government employment growth rate fell under the statewide average both long-term (-0.86%) and near-term (0.55%).

Turning attention to the top-right quadrant from the discussion above, this figure features the distribution of the Pennsylvania counties classified as Leading. These counties surpassed Pennsylvania's average annual local government employment growth both long-term (2010-2022 = -0.86%) as well as near-term (2022 = 0.55%). Each is identified by its corresponding ranking based on it's average annual local government employment growth rate over 2010-2022.

Of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, just 8 (12%) are classified within the Leading () category. Those counties ranked by their long-term average include:

This figure depicts the distribution of the 7 Pennsylvania counties classified as Slipping (top-left quadrant), in that their long-term average annual local government employment growth rate outpaced the average statewide (2010-2022 = -0.86%), while they trailed the statewide average near-term (2022 = 0.55%). Again, each county is identified by it's corresponding ranking based on its average annual local government employment growth rate over 2010-2022.

Only 7 (10%) of Pennsylvania's 67 counties are classified as Slipping (). Those counties ranked by their long-term average include:

This figure shows the distribution of the 15 Pennsylvania counties classified as Gaining (bottom-right quadrant), in that their long-term average annual local government employment growth rate posted below the average statewide (2010-2022 = -0.86%), while they outpaced Pennsylvania's average near-term (2022 = 0.55%). Again, each county is identified by its corresponding ranking based on its average annual local government employment growth rate over 2010-2022.

Of Pennsylvania's 67 counties, 22% (15) are featured as Gaining (). Those counties ranked by their long-term average include:

This figure depicts the distributions of the 26 Pennsylvania counties classified as Lagging (bottom-left quadrant). These counties trailed the statewide average annual local government employment growth both long-term (2010-2022 = -0.86%) as well as near-term (2022 = 0.55%). Again, each county is identified by its corresponding ranking based on it's average annual local government employment growth rate over 2010-2022.

39% of Pennsylvania's counties, 26 of 67, are characterized here as Lagging (). Those counties ranked by their long-term average include: